[Note: this is a post by my friend Ray, who knows a lot about headphones!]

Hello, I’m here again on Henning’s site and I wish to share with you some of my knowledge on another topic near and dear to me. I’ve been a heavy headphone user all my life, and one of the things you can do to complete your HT rig is to think about maximizing your enjoyment of movies (and music) through headphones. For me, headphones are an integral part of my spare time, because quite often, my wife might be asleep already and I’m still in the mood to catch up on my online DVD rentals later at night.

Headphones for Home Theater

What’s there to know you ask? There isn’t much to it, you are thinking. Well, maybe. Most people don’t pay too much attention to headphones. I think you should though, because picking a good headphone rig can really enhance the versatility of your movie watching experience. Have you spent big money buying speakers/subs/amps, but listen through mediocre sounding headphones? One of the things that people don’t realize is that headphones can rival top end speaker systems in resolution. A high grade headphone setup costing say, a few hundred dollars can give a degree of accuracy and detail recovery of, say, a speaker system costing thousands. This is a good thing in movies, because picking up the actor’s dialogue is where headphones can shine. For me, this is great when I’m watching a movie where the audio mix makes it hard to understand what they are saying…without resorting to the subtitles on the DVD.

However, there are some drawbacks. First, one thing wrong with headphones is that they are stereo transducers, not an array of surround sound speakers, because you hear exactly what is coming only out of each channel in each ear alone, so the resulting directional sense of sound (the “soundstage”) you get is quite exaggerated and nothing like a speaker system. With headphones, all the sound is usually perceived as “blobs of sound” in your head, usually one big blob in the middle, one at each ear. Fortunately, Dolby and others know about this and created circuits/processors specifically for surround sound listening. These circuits are called HRTF (Head Related Transfer Function) processors. The research done in this area by Dolby and other engineers take into account the way the sound is affected by the shape of your head, shape of your outer ear, the delays from the sound waves bouncing around and from each channel, the frequency response changes and other parameters etc. They measured what the transfer function of headphone listening should be like to perceive the same 3D image that you get through speakers. Thus the circuit can do an extremely good job of relaying a soundstage using just headphones. Lots of research has been done on this if you want to find out more. Dolby invented the Dolby Headphone processor, and this processing is incorporated in many HT receivers/preamps, and it does a pretty good job for movie listening. You really do get a sense of 3D surround. I find it a bit too exaggerated for music listening but it does work wonders in opening up the sense of 3D.

Headphone Home Theater Solutions

Dolby Headphone is one company’s attempt at enhancing the headphone experience, but there are others too. Yamaha uses their own proprietary Silent Cinema circuit. AKG makes an extremely effective outboard unit called the Hearo 999 which you connect directly to your digital audio output of the DVD, and it is a very flexible unit with ten different general HRTF settings to suit the music or movie material you are playing. JVC makes a small outboard unit that gives you Dolby Headphone capability to any receiver that doesn’t have it already.

The other limitation of headphones is that, well, they can’t provide the visceral impact that a good subwoofer can provide, and there is no way you can circumvent that unless you buy some kind of couch shaker device to give you that rumbling feeling where you are sitting. Suffice it to say that speakers still give you more of the “you are there” feeling in that regard.

Buying Headphones

Now lastly, about the headphones itself. Buying headphones is a wide subject, and can be as varied as picking out speakers. I could spend pages talking about headphones, so I won’t try. You can do your own research at popular enthusiast sites like www.Head-Fi.org, but here are a few tidbits I thought I should mention.

Common sense dictates that wireless headphones are a good solution as you are free from the tangling and logistics of a cord, but I strongly suggest you consider picking up a wired headphone with a good quality extension cable such as the $40 USD one made by Grado Labs. Most wireless headphones really don’t sound all that great. The really good sounding headphones are mostly available only in wired sets meant for serious audiophile music listening.

If you decide to buy a wired headphone, there are lots of choices. Like speakers, there is a sweet spot where you can get a high performance headphone for a hundred bucks, but even if you have a roomier budget, you can get some amazing sounding headphones for a still reasonable sum. That’s the great thing about headphones, the barrier to true hi-fidelity headphones is quite inexpensive. There is no need to spend $14000 on Sennheiser’s electrostatic Orpheus system, the top Beyerdynamic or AKG dynamic model costs no more than $300-400 (USD) if you want one of the best. Like all things, going higher may get you better sound, but the law of diminishing returns applies. So it’s up to you to find that “bang for buck” ratio you are comfortable with. There are standouts in the under $100 range, but moving up buys you more “audiophile” grade improvements that are more appreciated as you develop your ear and critical listening habits.

Buying on Spec?

One thing to note that you cannot buy headphones, unlike speakers, based on specs alone, because manufacturers don’t specify +/- dB frequency response measurement specs like you would find on other audio equipment’s specsheet. There is a reason for this and it is because with headphones, due to the way you perceive sound, and the way they couple with your ears acoustically, and the wide range of ear shapes, you actually do NOT want a headphone that gives a flat response at your eardrum. Again lots of research has been done in psychoacoustics and most headphones are designed so that the target frequency response is tilted down in the treble for the most natural sound. They also design the frequency response so certain frequency ranges have a notch in them to take into account ear pinna reflections, varying acoustic ear cancel impedance, resonances and other technical stuff like that. So publishing the frequency response wouldn’t be useful because almost all people have no idea how to interpret them properly anyway. And every manufacturer has its own “secret target” formula which they aim their design based on their own R&D. Manufacturers like Grado Labs don’t even aim for a neutral curve, they are designed to sound good with music and are tuned by ear.

Comfort and Fit

Comfort is a big issue too, and I find circumaural headphones, the ones that surround your ear instead of resting on your ear (supra-aural), to be most comfortable for the long haul. They can get a bit hot though. Closed air headphones have a sealed enclosure that leak less sound, and are good if you don’t want to hear your roommates, but the best sounding headphones tend to be of the open air variety. There is just a lot more choice for open designs it seems.

Headphone Pre-Amps

Also, one other thing most people don’t realize is that the headphone output circuit in practically all receivers/preamps are basically an afterthought, even very high end brands. So serious listeners insist on an outboard headphone amplifier which connects to your line out and provides a separate headphone jack. This provides a quality high grade circuit for delivering the delicate signal to the headphones. For HT use, the AKG Hearo 999 is such a unit but can process surround sound. For stereo music, there’s lots of great headphone amps nowadays as headphone listening has really taken off and manufacturers are realizing the large market around headphone listening. From DIY vendors on ebay selling CMOY circuits in Altoids tins, to $2000 Class A units with dedicated power supplies and top grade quality DAC’s worthy of a home in any money-no-object audiophile setup. I personally use a headphone amp from HeadRoom Corp (www.headphone.com) which incorporate a simple but effective HTRF (crossfeed) circuit, and AKG’s current the top-of-the-line AKG K701 Reference model headphones in my system. For HT movies, I rely on the Dolby Headphone circuit with Beyer Dynamic DT880 headphones, I only use the headphone amp for music listening. For headphones, there are other great brands out there, like Grado, Sony, Audio Technica, Stax that have the whole range of prices covered starting at $40 to thousands of dollars for their limited edition models. There’s a headphone for every taste, budget and shape of head. I suggest finding a store that has several you can try, and take your time like you did shopping for speakers. Like all hobbies involving equipment, half the fun is the thrill of the hunt.

Buy Headphones for Better Listening

So…hopefully the next time you need to use a headphone, think about whether you think you are getting most out of your headphones. It might be worth the upgrading from the Apple iBuds or the cheapo $20 Sony’s you might be using at your computer to get the most out of your system.

Outlaw has two new amplifiers that feature balanced inputs and fully balanced, differential circuit topology. One is a 5 x 200W design and the other is 7 x 200W. They are model numbers Model 7500 and Model 7700, respectively. “The high-current power supplies used in the Model 7700 and Model 7500 are driven by custom-designed dual toroidal transformers with multiple windings for each channel, delivering clean power with headroom to spare for even the largest dynamic transients. Each output module has 12 discrete output devices, and a total of 30,000 microfarads of filter capacitance.”

The seven-channel Model 7700 goes for $2,149, and the five-channel Model 7500 goes for $1,599, with special “Outlaw Family” pricing available when the amplifiers are purchased in a combination package with other Outlaw components.

Outlaw Audio Adds Powerful, Fully Differential Multichannel Home Theater Amplifiers

NHT’s M-00 active mini-monitor and other pro products are now available at specialty audio dealers. This line of products cater to “customers who want to use the products with PC-based audio systems and digital media players and components.”

Powered speakers are a lot more efficient than passive speakers, because each amplifier drives each speaker cone directly, without having to force its power through a crossover first. My Linn 5140 and 5120 speakers can be modified to become active, and that’s a step I’d love to take but that is quite expensive. So I’ll have to leave that to another decade!

NHT “Moo” Now Available to Specialty A/V Dealers

When I first got my Pioneer 24tx a long time ago I used a digital SPL meter from Radio Shack to dial in all of the speakers. I also ran around the room with a measuring tape getting just the right distance down.

Fast forward a few years and now with my Pioneer 45tx I just plug in the microphone, choose automatic surround setup, and walk away for about 10 minutes.

So why am I boring you with all of this? If you have a receiver that must be manually calibrated our buddies at Engadget wrote a good little how to on dialing in your surround sound.

Do take note though, if your receiver does allow for automatic setup, use it. They are much more accurate than anything you can do with a meter because many of these newer surround setup programs like MCAAC will check the sound level for different frequencies on each speaker. This would be difficult to impossible for someone to do with just a meter.

For example, I believe that MCAAC on my pioneer looks at 5 different frequency ranges for each speaker. For a 7 speaker system (not including the sub) that would 35 different tests. I don’t know about you, but I would have one whopper of a headache listening to all that pink noise.

By the way I do still modify some of my settings each time I run MCAAC. The program likes to make my front speakers large and I like to turn up the center channel just a +.5db to catch every conversation.

Now if someone could come up with a system to first check my hearing, then tune the surround sound around me. That would be nifty!

How-To: Dial in your surround sound

I don’t know if I mentioned it before, but Ultimate AV (formerly Stereophile’s Guide to Home Theater) is a magazine that I really enjoyed. The reviewers really went in-depth when covering their products. Now Ultimate AV is online only, and one of the things they’re doing now (and had actually started to do while in print) is to do a “Short Take” of a product. A Short Take is basically a mini-review. Good enough to whet your appetite, especially considering that Ultimate AV’s “mini” reviews are as long as some other publications’ full reviews.

The meal they’re serving up this time is of the Anthem amplifier variety. Doesn’t taste so good, but it’s quite filling! And at $1500, it’s not so bad for a seven channel amp that does 105W per channel.

When it comes right down to it, this amp is for people who like good quality sound reproduction. There are other amps out there that will provide more slam at a similar price, but sacrifice the sound. Mr. Buettner concludes his review by saying “Anthem’s PVA 7 is an audiophile’s multichannel amp. That it’s so affordable is gravy. ‘Nuff said.”

If he says he’s said enough, I guess I have too!

Anthem PVA 7 Multichannel Amplifier

Do you use a universal remote? You need something to replace that stack of remotes sitting on your ottoman. I could potentially have five remotes sitting there, but I only have one. That’s because I bought a used Marantz RC2000 Mk II remote years ago and I love it. It’s actually a learning remote. A learning remote is one that can learn the codes directly from your remote. You hold your remote up to the learning remote, and push the button you want the learning remote to learn. The learning remote then learns it. You have to assign it a key as well. You go through this process for all the buttons on each remote you want to use. It’s tedious, but you get to put keys where you want and you get to choose which buttons to learn.

A universal remote is a little different. A universal remote has a bunch of codes already stored in its memory, and you just choose which set you want to use. If your remote codes are not stored in the remote, you’re out of luck. That usually doesn’t happen unless you have a particularly esoteric remote.

There are also remotes that are both learning and universal at the same time, so you get the best of both worlds.

Harman/Kardon licensed technology from Logitech’s Harmony brand to make this remote. It’s a universal remote with some flexibility, which is good. The Sound & Vision reviewer thinks highly of it. Once my Marantz bites the dust I’ll put this one on my list of remotes to look at.

Harman Kardon TC30 Universal Remote

I’ve always been a fan of B&W, the speaker manufacturer. (I have a pair of B&W 302’s in my living room.) B&W pushes the envelope of sound design, which can readily be seen from some of their statement pieces, one of which looks like a shell from the beach. A huge shell from the beach.

While B&W’s new XT series of speakers don’t have the same stratospheric price as those shell speakers, they are stylish nonetheless. The XT series includes the XT4 three-way speaker, the XT2 two-way speaker, the XTC two-way center channel speaker, and the PV1 subwoofer.

The tweeters use Nautilus technology, which has been filtering down from B&W’s high end speakers. The subwoofer, a strange spherical design, has two 8-inch woofers facing back-to-back.

The design of these speakers is rather space-age-ish. Which wouldn’t really fit well in my family room. But they do look cool, and they may fit well in yours. The only think you need to do now is give them a test drive with some of your favourite material, to see how they sound.

B&W XT Speakers